Risk factors for severe withdrawal from stimulants include use of cocaine amphetamines (dexedrine) or methamphetamines, smoking (as crack), snorting (as cocaine chloride) or injecting it (all).

Stimulant withdrawal syndrome is characterized by


Drug craving is prolonged and intense. Paranoia and acute psychosis may occur. Most often, no treatment other than support is needed for the initial phase of stimulant withdrawal.

The treatment for stimulant addiction does not differ from the rest of addictions. It should aim to achieve abstinence.

However medication can be prescribed to control acute intense abstinence symptoms and obtain clinical stability.
Then psychosocial abstinence aimed interventions can start.

Pharmacotherapy is determined by the specific symptoms.